{"id":38,"date":"2021-05-21T09:46:40","date_gmt":"2021-05-21T13:46:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology-documentation\/?page_id=38"},"modified":"2023-10-02T11:44:37","modified_gmt":"2023-10-02T15:44:37","slug":"incommon-federation-participant-operational-practices","status":"publish","type":"epkb_post_type_1","link":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/knowledge-base\/incommon-federation-participant-operational-practices\/","title":{"rendered":"InCommon Federation Participant Operational Practices"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t\t<div id=\"eckb-article-page-container-v2\" class=\"eckb-article-page-content-counter eckb_ap_active_theme_twentytwentytwo \" data-mobile_breakpoint=\"768\">    \t\t\t\t<a href=\"#eckb-article-content\" class=\"eckb-skip-link eckb-screen-reader-text\">Skip to main content<\/a>   <div id=\"eckb-article-header\" >\n\t\t<div id=\"epkb-ml__module-search\" class=\"epkb-ml__module \">   \n\t\t\t<!-- Classic Search Layout -->\n\t\t\t<div id=\"epkb-ml-search-classic-layout\">    \t\t<h2 class=\"epkb-ml-search-title\">What can we help you with?<\/h2>   \t\t\t\t<form id=\"epkb-ml-search-form\" class=\"epkb-ml-search-input-height--medium\" method=\"get\" onsubmit=\"return false;\" data-collection-id=\"1\" data-collection-token=\"0b29a147e7\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"epkb_kb_id\" value=\"1\" >\n\n\t\t\t\t<!-- Search Input Box -->\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"epkb-ml-search-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"epkb-ml-search-box__input\" type=\"text\" name=\"s\" value=\"\" aria-label=\"Search the documentation...\"\n\t\t\t\t\t        placeholder=\"Search the documentation...\" aria-controls=\"epkb-ml-search-results\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<button class=\"epkb-ml-search-box__btn\" type=\"submit\">\n                        <span class=\"epkb-ml-search-box__text\"> Search<\/span>\n                        <span class=\"epkbfa epkbfa-spinner epkbfa-ml-loading-icon\"><\/span>\n                    <\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<!-- Search Results -->\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"epkb-ml-search-results\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t<\/div>  \n\t\t<\/div>  <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div id=\"eckb-article-body\">  <div id=\"eckb-article-left-sidebar\" ><\/div>\n\t\t        <article id=\"eckb-article-content\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-article-id=\"38\" >                        <div id=\"eckb-article-content-header-v2\" ><div id=\"eckb-article-content-header-row-1\"><div class=\"eckb-article-content-header-row-left-group\"><div id=\"eckb-article-back-navigation-container\"><div class=\"eckb-navigation-back  \"  style=\"margin-top: 4px; margin-right: 15px; margin-bottom: 4px; margin-left: 4px;\" ><div tabindex=\"0\" class=\"eckb-navigation-button\"  style=\"padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 10px; color: #1e73be; background-color: #ffffff; font-size:14px;border-radius: 3px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: #b5b5b5;\"  onclick=\"history.go(-1);\" >&lt; All Topics<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"eckb-article-content-breadcrumb-container\">\n\t<div class=\"eckb-breadcrumb\"  style=\"padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 4px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 4px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size:14px;\" >    \t\t<nav class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-outline\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-nav\">       <li  style=\"font-size:14px;\" >\t<span class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-link\"><a tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/knowledge-base\/\"><span  style=\"color: #1e73be;\"  >Main<\/span><\/a><span class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-link-icon ep_font_icon_arrow_carrot_right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t<\/span><\/li><li  style=\"font-size:14px;\" >\t<span class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-link\"><a tabindex=\"0\" href=\"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/knowledge-base\/category\/policies-and-procedures\/\"><span  style=\"color: #1e73be;\"  >Policies and Procedures<\/span><\/a><span class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-link-icon ep_font_icon_arrow_carrot_right\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\t<\/span><\/li><li  style=\"font-size:14px;\" >\t<span class=\"eckb-breadcrumb-link\"><span aria-current=\"page\" style=\"color: #1e73be;\"  >InCommon Federation Participant Operational Practices<\/span>\t<\/span><\/li>\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/nav>\n\n\t<\/div>          <\/div><\/div><div class=\"eckb-article-content-header-row-right-group\"><div id=\"eckb-article-content-toolbar-container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"eckb-article-content-toolbar-button-container\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-print-button-container\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Print\">\t\t\t<span class=\"eckb-toolbar-button-text\">Print<\/span><span class=\"eckb-toolbar-button-icon epkbfa epkbfa-print\"><\/span>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div> <\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"eckb-article-content-header-row-2\"><div class=\"eckb-article-content-header-row-left-group\"><div id=\"eckb-article-content-title-container\"><h1 class=\"eckb-article-title\">InCommon Federation Participant Operational Practices<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"eckb-article-content-header-row-3\"><div class=\"eckb-article-content-header-row-left-group\">\n\t\t<div class=\"eckb-article-content-last-updated-date-container\">\t\t<span class=\"eckb-meta-data-feature-icon epkbfa epkbfa-pencil-square-o\"><\/span><span class=\"eckb-meta-data-feature-text\">Updated<\/span><span class=\"eckb-meta-data-feature-value\"><time datetime=\"2023-10-02T11:44:37-04:00\">October 2, 2023<\/time><\/span>\t\t<\/div> <\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"eckb-article-content-body\" >\n<p>Participation in the InCommon Federation (\u201cFederation\u201d) enables a federation participating organization (&#8220;Participant&#8221;) to use Shibboleth&nbsp;<em>identity<\/em>&nbsp;<em>attribute<\/em>sharing technologies to manage access to on-line resources that can be made available to the InCommon community.&nbsp; One goal of the Federation is to develop, over time, community standards for such cooperating organizations to ensure that shared&nbsp;<em>attribute<\/em>&nbsp;<em>assertions<\/em>&nbsp;are sufficiently robust and trustworthy to manage access to important protected resources.&nbsp; As the community of trust evolves, the Federation expects that participants eventually should be able to trust each other&#8217;s&nbsp;<em>identity management systems<\/em>&nbsp;and resource&nbsp;<em>access management systems<\/em>&nbsp;as they trust their own.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A fundamental expectation of Participants is that they provide authoritative and accurate attribute assertions to other Participants, and that Participants receiving an attribute assertion protect it and respect privacy constraints placed on it by the Federation or the source of that information.&nbsp; In furtherance of this goal, InCommon requires that each Participant make available to other Participants certain basic information about any identity management system, including the identity attributes that are supported, or resource access management system registered for use within the Federation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two criteria for trustworthy attribute assertions by&nbsp;<em>Identity Providers<\/em>&nbsp;are: (1) that the identity management system fall under the purview of the organization\u2019s executive or business management, and (2) the system for issuing end-user credentials (e.g., PKI certificates, userids\/passwords, Kerberos principals, etc.) specifically have in place appropriate risk management measures (e.g.,&nbsp;<em>authentication<\/em>and&nbsp;<em>authorization<\/em>&nbsp;standards, security practices, risk assessment, change management controls, audit trails, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>InCommon expects that&nbsp;<em>Service Providers<\/em>, who receive attribute assertions from another Participant, respect the other Participant&#8217;s policies, rules, and standards regarding the protection and use of that data.&nbsp; Furthermore, such information should be used only for the purposes for which it was provided.&nbsp; InCommon strongly discourages the sharing of that data with third parties, or aggregation of it for marketing purposes without the explicit permission[[1]|#_ftn1]of the identity information providing Participant.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>InCommon requires Participants to make available to all other Participants answers to the questions below.[[2]|#_ftn2]&nbsp; Additional information to help answer each question is available in the next section of this document.&nbsp; There is also a glossary at the end of this document that defines terms shown in italics.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"InCommonFederationParticipantOperationalPractices-1.FederationParticipantInformation\">Federation Participant Information<\/h2>\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Community<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"792\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/page-11024_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-801\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/page-11024_1.jpg 792w, https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/page-11024_1-232x300.jpg 232w, https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/page-11024_1-768x993.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 792px) 100vw, 792px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"790\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/second-790x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-55\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/second-790x1024.png 790w, https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/second-231x300.png 231w, https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/second-768x996.png 768w, https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/second-1185x1536.png 1185w, https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/second.png 1356w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 790px) 100vw, 790px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"790\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/Third-790x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-56\" srcset=\"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/Third-790x1024.png 790w, https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/Third-231x300.png 231w, https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/Third-768x996.png 768w, https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/Third-1185x1536.png 1185w, https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/Third.png 1356w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 790px) 100vw, 790px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/83\/2021\/05\/fourth-790x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-57\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"InCommonFederationParticipantOperationalPractices-AdditionalNotesandDetailsontheOperationalPracticesQuestions\">Additional Notes and Details on the Operational Practices Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>As a community of organizations willing to manage access to on-line resources cooperatively, and often without formal contracts in the case of non-commercial resources, it is essential that each Participant have a good understanding of theidentityand resource management practices implemented by other Participants.&nbsp;The purpose of the questions above is to establish a base level of common understanding by making this information available for other Participants to evaluate.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In answering these questions, please consider what you would want to know about your own operations if you were another Participant deciding what level of trust to place in interactions with your on-line systems.&nbsp; For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What would you need to know about an&nbsp;<em>Identity Provider<\/em>&nbsp;in order to make an informed decision whether to accept its&nbsp;<em>assertions<\/em>&nbsp;to manage access to your on-line resources or applications?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What would you need to know about a&nbsp;<em>Service Provider<\/em>&nbsp;in order to feel confident providing it information that it might not otherwise be able to have?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>It also might help to consider how&nbsp;<em>identity management systems<\/em>&nbsp;within a single institution could be used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What might your central campus IT organization, as a&nbsp;<em>Service Provider<\/em>, ask of a peer campus&nbsp;<em>Identity Provider<\/em>&nbsp;(e.g., Computer Science Department, central Library, or Medical Center) in order to decide whether to accept its&nbsp;<em>identity<\/em><em>assertions<\/em>&nbsp;for access to resources that the IT organization controls?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What might a campus department ask about the central campus&nbsp;<em>identity management system<\/em>&nbsp;if the department wanted to leverage it for use with its own applications?&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The numbered paragraphs below provide additional background to the numbered questions in the main part of this document.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1.2]&nbsp; InCommon Participants who manage Identity Providers are strongly encouraged to post on their website the privacy and information security policies that govern their&nbsp;<em>identity management system<\/em>.&nbsp;Participants who manage Service Providers are strongly encouraged to post their policies with respect to use of personally identifying information.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1.3]&nbsp; Other InCommon Participants may wish to contact this person or office with further questions about the information you have provided or if they wish to establish a more formal relationship with your organization regarding resource sharing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Many organizations have very informal processes for issuing electronic credentials.&nbsp;For example, one campus does this through its student bookstore.&nbsp; A&nbsp;<em>Service Provider<\/em>&nbsp;may be more willing to accept your&nbsp;<em>assertions<\/em>&nbsp;to the extent that this process can be seen as authoritative.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2.1]&nbsp; It is important for a&nbsp;<em>Service Provider<\/em>&nbsp;to have some idea of the community whose identities you may represent.&nbsp; This is particularly true for&nbsp;<em>assertions<\/em>such as the eduPerson \u201cMember of Community.\u201d.&nbsp;A typical definition might be \u201cFaculty, staff, and active students\u201d but it might also include alumni, prospective students, temporary employees, visiting scholars, etc.&nbsp; In addition, there may be formal or informal mechanisms for making exceptions to this definition, e.g., to accommodate a former student still finishing a thesis or an unpaid volunteer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This question asks to whom you, as an&nbsp;<em>Identity Provider<\/em>, will provide electronic credentials.&nbsp; This is typically broadly defined so that the organization can accommodate a wide variety of applications locally.&nbsp; The reason this question is important is to distinguish between the set of people who might have a credential that you issue and the subset of those people who fall within your definition of \u201cMember of Community\u201d for the purpose of InCommon&nbsp;<em>attribute assertions<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2.2]&nbsp; The&nbsp;<em>assertion<\/em>of \u201cMember of Community\u201d is often good enough for deciding whether to grant access to basic on-line resources such as library-like materials or websites.&nbsp; InCommon encourages participants to use this&nbsp;<em>assertion<\/em>only for \u201cFaculty, Staff, and active Students\u201d but some organizations may have the need to define this differently.&nbsp;InCommon&nbsp;<em>Service Providers<\/em>need to know if this has been defined differently.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2.3]&nbsp; For example, if there is a campus recognized office of record that issues such electronic credentials and that office makes use of strong, reliable technology and good database management practices, those factors might indicate highly reliable credentials and hence trustworthy&nbsp;<em>identity<\/em>&nbsp;<em>assertions<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2.4]&nbsp; Different technologies carry different inherent risks.&nbsp; For example, a userID and password can be shared or \u201cstolen\u201d rather easily.&nbsp; A PKI credential or SecureID card is much harder to share or steal.&nbsp; For practical reasons, some campuses use one technology for student credentials and another for faculty and staff.&nbsp; In some cases, sensitive applications will warrant stronger and\/or secondary credentials.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2.5]&nbsp; Sending passwords in \u201cclear text\u201d is a significant risk, and all InCommon Participants are strongly encouraged to eliminate any such practice.&nbsp; Unfortunately this may be difficult, particularly with legacy applications.&nbsp; For example, gaining access to a centralized calendar application via a wireless data connection while you are attending a conference might reveal your password to many others at that conference.&nbsp; If this is also your campus credential password, it could be used by another person to impersonate you to InCommon Participants.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2.6]&nbsp; \u201cSingle sign-on\u201d (SSO) is a method that allows a user to unlock his or her&nbsp;<em>electronic identity credential<\/em>&nbsp;once and then use it for access to a variety of resources and applications for some period of time.&nbsp; This avoids people having to remember many different identifiers and passwords or to continually log into and out of systems.&nbsp; However, it also may weaken the link between an&nbsp;<em>electronic identity<\/em>and the actual person to whom it refers if someone else might be able to use the same computer and assume the former user\u2019s&nbsp;<em>identity<\/em>.&nbsp; If there is no limit on the duration of a SSO session, a Federation&nbsp;<em>Service Provider<\/em>&nbsp;may be concerned about the validity of any&nbsp;<em>identity<\/em>&nbsp;<em>assertions<\/em>&nbsp;you might make.&nbsp;Therefore it is important to ask about your use of SSO technologies.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2.7]&nbsp; In some&nbsp;<em>identity management systems<\/em>, primary identifiers for people might be reused, particularly if they contain common names, e.g. Jim&nbsp;<a href=\"mailto:Smith@MYU.edu\">Smith@MYU.edu<\/a>.&nbsp; This can create ambiguity if a&nbsp;<em>Service Provider<\/em>&nbsp;requires this primary identifier to manage access to resources for that person.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2.8]&nbsp; Security of the database that holds information about a person is at least as critical as the&nbsp;<em>electronic identity credentials<\/em>&nbsp;that provide the links to records in that database.&nbsp; Appropriate security for the database, as well as management and audit trails of changes made to that database, and management of access to that database information are important.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2.9]&nbsp; Many organizations will make available to anyone certain, limited \u201cpublic information.\u201d&nbsp;Other information may be given only to internal organization users or applications, or may require permission from the subject under FERPA or HIPAA rules.&nbsp; A&nbsp;<em>Service Provider<\/em>&nbsp;may need to know what information you are willing to make available as \u201cpublic information\u201d and what rules might apply to other information that you might release.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2.10]&nbsp;&nbsp; In order to help a&nbsp;<em>Service Provider<\/em>&nbsp;assess how reliable your&nbsp;<em>identity<\/em>&nbsp;<em>assertions<\/em>&nbsp;may be, it is helpful to know how your organization uses those same assertions.&nbsp;The assumption here is that you are or will use the same&nbsp;<em>identity management system<\/em>for your own applications as you are using for federated purposes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2.11]&nbsp;&nbsp; Your answer to this question indicates the degree of confidence you have in the accuracy of your&nbsp;<em>identity<\/em>&nbsp;<em>assertions<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2.12]&nbsp;&nbsp; Even \u201cpublic information\u201d may be constrained in how it can be used.&nbsp; For example, creating a marketing email list by \u201charvesting\u201d email addresses from a campus directory web site may be considered illicit use of that information.&nbsp; Please indicate what restrictions you place on information you make available to others.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2.13]&nbsp;&nbsp; Please indicate what legal or other external constraints there may be on information you make available to others.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3.1]&nbsp; Please identify your access management requirements to help other Participants understand and plan for use of your resource(s).&nbsp; You might also or instead provide contact information for an office or person who could answer inquiries.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3.2]&nbsp; As a&nbsp;<em>Service Provider<\/em>, please declare what use(s) you would make of attribute information you receive.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3.3]&nbsp; Personally identifying information can be a wide variety of things, not merely a name or credit card number.&nbsp; All information other than large group identity, e.g., \u201cmember of community,\u201d should be protected while resident on your systems.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3.4]&nbsp; Certain functional positions can have extraordinary privileges with respect to information on your systems.&nbsp; What oversight means are in place to ensure incumbents do not misuse such privileges?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3.5]&nbsp; Occasionally protections break down and information is compromised.&nbsp; Some states have laws requiring notification of affected individuals.&nbsp; What legal and\/or institutional policies govern notification of individuals if information you hold is compromised?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[4.1]&nbsp; Most InCommon Participants will use Internet2 Shibboleth technology, but this is not required.&nbsp; It may be important for other participants to understand whether you are using other implementations of the technology standards.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[4.2]&nbsp; As an&nbsp;<em>Identity Provider<\/em>, you may wish to place constraints on the kinds of applications that may make use of your&nbsp;<em>assertions.<\/em>&nbsp;As a&nbsp;<em>Service Provider<\/em>, you may wish to make a statement about how User credentials must be managed.&nbsp; This question is completely open ended and for your use.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"InCommonFederationParticipantOperationalPractices-Glossary\">Glossary<\/h2>\n\n\n<p><strong>ACCESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity aligncenter is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>The collection of systems and or services associated with specific on-line resources and\/or services that together derive the decision about whether to allow a given individual to gain access to those resources or make use of those services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ASSERTION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<em>identity<\/em>&nbsp;information provided by an&nbsp;<em>Identity Provider<\/em>&nbsp;to a&nbsp;<em>Service Provider<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ATTRIBUTE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>A single piece of information associated with an&nbsp;<em>electronic identity database<\/em>&nbsp;record.&nbsp; Some&nbsp;<em>attributes<\/em>&nbsp;are general; others are personal.&nbsp; Some subset of all&nbsp;<em>attributes<\/em>&nbsp;defines a unique individual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>AUTHENTICATION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>The process by which a person verifies or confirms their association with an&nbsp;<em>electronic identifier<\/em>.&nbsp; For example, entering a password that is associated with an UserID or account name is assumed to verify that the user is the person to whom the UserID was issued.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>AUTHORIZATION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>The process of determining whether a specific person should be allowed to gain access to an application or function, or to make use of a resource.&nbsp; The resource manager then makes the access control decision, which also may take into account other factors such as time of day, location of the user, and\/or load on the resource system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ELECTRONIC IDENTIFIER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>A string of characters or structured data that may be used to reference an&nbsp;<em>electronic identity<\/em>.&nbsp; Examples include an email address, a user account name, a Kerberos principal name, a UC or campus&nbsp;<em>NetID<\/em>, an employee or student ID, or a PKI certificate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ELECTRONIC IDENTITY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>A set of information that is maintained about an individual, typically in campus&nbsp;<em>electronic identity databases<\/em>.&nbsp; May include roles and privileges as well as personal information.&nbsp; The information must be authoritative to the applications for which it will be used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ELECTRONIC IDENTITY CREDENTIAL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>An&nbsp;<em>electronic identifier<\/em>&nbsp;and corresponding&nbsp;<em>personal secret<\/em>&nbsp;associated with an&nbsp;<em>electronic identity<\/em>.&nbsp; An&nbsp;<em>electronic identity credential<\/em>typically is issued to the person who is the subject of the information to enable that person to gain access to applications or other resources that need to control such access.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ELECTRONIC IDENTITY DATABASE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>A structured collection of information pertaining to a given individual.&nbsp; Sometimes referred to as an &#8220;enterprise directory.&#8221;&nbsp; Typically includes name, address, email address, affiliation, and&nbsp;<em>electronic identifier(s)<\/em>.&nbsp; Many technologies can be used to create an&nbsp;<em>identity database,<\/em>&nbsp;for example LDAP or a set of linked relational databases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IDENTITY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Identity<\/em>&nbsp;is the set of information associated with a specific physical person or other entity.&nbsp; Typically an Identity Provider will be authoritative for only a subset of a person\u2019s&nbsp;<em>identity<\/em>&nbsp;information.&nbsp; What&nbsp;<em>identity<\/em>&nbsp;<em>attributes<\/em>&nbsp;might be relevant in any situation depend on the context in which it is being questioned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IDENTITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>A set of standards, procedures and technologies that provide electronic credentials to individuals and maintain authoritative information about the holders of those credentials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IDENTITY PROVIDER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>A campus or other organization that manages and operates an&nbsp;<em>identity management system<\/em>&nbsp;and offers information about members of its community to other InCommon participants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NETID<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>An&nbsp;<em>electronic identifier<\/em>&nbsp;created specifically for use with on-line applications. It is often an integer and typically has no other meaning.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>PERSONAL SECRET&nbsp;(ALSO&nbsp; VERIFICATION TOKEN)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>Used in the context of this document, is synonymous with password, pass phrase or PIN.&nbsp; It enables the holder of an&nbsp;<em>electronic identifier<\/em>&nbsp;to confirm that s\/he is the person to whom the identifier was issued.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>SERVICE PROVIDER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>A campus or other organization that makes on-line resources available to users based in part on information about them that it receives from other InCommon participants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>[[1]|#_ftnref1]Such permission already might be implied by existing contractual agreements.<br>[[2]|#_ftnref2]Your responses to these questions should be posted in a readily accessible place on your web site, and the URL submitted to InCommon.&nbsp; If not posted, you should post contact information for an office that can discuss it privately with other InCommon Participants as needed.&nbsp; If any of the information changes, you must update your on-line statement as soon as possible.<br>[[3]|#_ftnref3]A general note regarding attributes and recommendations within the Federation is available here:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internet2.edu\/products-services\/trust-identity\/incommon-federation\/\">https:\/\/www.internet2.edu\/products-services\/trust-identity\/incommon-federation\/<\/a><br>[[4]|#_ftnref4]&#8221;Member&#8221; is one possible value for eduPersonAffiliation as defined in the eduPerson schema.&nbsp; It is intended to include faculty, staff, student, and other persons with a basic set of privileges that go with membership in the university community (e.g., library privileges).&nbsp; \u201cMember of Community\u201d could be derived from other values in eduPersonAffiliation or assigned explicitly as \u201cMember\u201d in the electronic identity database.&nbsp;See&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.educause.edu\/eduperson\/\">http:\/\/www.educause.edu\/eduperson\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><div id=\"eckb-article-content-footer\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"epkb-article-navigation-container \">            \t\t\t\t<div class=\"epkb-article-navigation__previous\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/knowledge-base\/higher-education-opportunity-act-of-2008-compliance-plan\/\" rel=\"prev\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"epkb-article-navigation__label\">\n\t\t\t\t\t    <span class=\"epkb-article-navigation__label__previous__icon epkbfa epkbfa-caret-left\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t    Previous\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span title=\"Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 Compliance Plan\" class=\"epkb-article-navigation-article__title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span 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Search &lt; All Topics Main Policies and Procedures InCommon Federation Participant Operational Practices Print InCommon Federation Participant Operational Practices UpdatedOctober 2, 2023 Participation in the InCommon Federation (\u201cFederation\u201d) enables a federation participating organization (&#8220;Participant&#8221;) to use Shibboleth&nbsp;identity&nbsp;attributesharing technologies to manage access to on-line resources that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"epkb_post_type_1_category":[267],"epkb_post_type_1_tag":[],"coauthors":[431],"class_list":["post-38","epkb_post_type_1","type-epkb_post_type_1","status-publish","hentry","epkb_post_type_1_category-policies-and-procedures"],"acf":[],"featured_image_urls":{"full":"","thumbnail":"","medium":"","medium_large":"","large":"","1536x1536":"","2048x2048":""},"post_excerpt_stackable":"<p>Skip to main content What can we help you with? Search &lt; All Topics Main Policies and Procedures InCommon Federation Participant Operational Practices Print InCommon Federation Participant Operational Practices UpdatedOctober 2, 2023 Participation in the InCommon Federation (\u201cFederation\u201d) enables a federation participating organization (&#8220;Participant&#8221;) to use Shibboleth&nbsp;identity&nbsp;attributesharing technologies to manage access to on-line resources that can be made available to the InCommon community.&nbsp; One goal of the Federation is to develop, over time, community standards for such cooperating organizations to ensure that shared&nbsp;attribute&nbsp;assertions&nbsp;are sufficiently robust and trustworthy to manage access to important protected resources.&nbsp; As the community of trust evolves,&hellip;<\/p>\n","category_list":"<a href=\"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/knowledge-base\/category\/policies-and-procedures\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Policies and Procedures<\/a>","author_info":{"name":"Vince DiScipio","url":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/author\/vdiscipiowooster-edu\/"},"comments_num":"0 comments","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Vince DiScipio","author_link":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/author\/vdiscipiowooster-edu\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Skip to main content What can we help you with? Search &lt; All Topics Main Policies and Procedures InCommon Federation Participant Operational Practices Print InCommon Federation Participant Operational Practices UpdatedOctober 2, 2023 Participation in the InCommon Federation (\u201cFederation\u201d) enables a federation participating organization (&#8220;Participant&#8221;) to use Shibboleth&nbsp;identity&nbsp;attributesharing technologies to manage access to on-line resources that&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1\/38","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/epkb_post_type_1"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1\/38\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42307,"href":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1\/38\/revisions\/42307"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"epkb_post_type_1_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1_category?post=38"},{"taxonomy":"epkb_post_type_1_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/epkb_post_type_1_tag?post=38"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inside.wooster.edu\/technology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=38"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}